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ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-TEST (voir la source)

Version du 27 février 2022 à 21:41

11 032 octets ajoutés ,  27 février 2022 à 21:41
→‎Forewords
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As the kit contains only one micro controller (the Feather M0 Express), we will use the very common '''Arduino UNO''' (not included) as micro controller for the '''Data Receiver'''.
 
As the kit contains only one micro controller (the Feather M0 Express), we will use the very common '''Arduino UNO''' (not included) as micro controller for the '''Data Receiver'''.
   −
In this simple exemple:
+
In this simple example:
 
# The '''Data Emitter''' will send a message and wait 500ms for a response.
 
# The '''Data Emitter''' will send a message and wait 500ms for a response.
 
# The '''Data Receiver''' will receive the message.
 
# The '''Data Receiver''' will receive the message.
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That library support lot of RFM modules including our RFM69HCW.
 
That library support lot of RFM modules including our RFM69HCW.
   −
Adafruit did fork the RadioHead library and add some useful sample, so we will install the small|Adafruit's RadioHead forked library.
+
[https://github.com/adafruit/RadioHead Adafruit did fork the RadioHead library] and add some useful sample, so we will install the small|Adafruit's RadioHead forked library.
    
{{download-box|Download RadioHead forked library|https://github.com/adafruit/RadioHead/archive/master.zip}}
 
{{download-box|Download RadioHead forked library|https://github.com/adafruit/RadioHead/archive/master.zip}}
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== About Antennas ==
 
== About Antennas ==
 
{{ambox-stop|text=The RFM69HCW will not work without antenna, even at 1m distance of each other.}}
 
{{ambox-stop|text=The RFM69HCW will not work without antenna, even at 1m distance of each other.}}
−
  −
<div style="margin: 15px 0; background: rgba(255,204,102,.3); display: block; padding: 15px 15px 15px 15px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; -moz-border-radius: 2px; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid #ff9900;" >The antenna design is a key feature to ensure a reliable communication over a long distance.</div>
      
For this example, a simple wire twisted in the antenna hole will do a great job for testing.
 
For this example, a simple wire twisted in the antenna hole will do a great job for testing.
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* a {{pl|1419|PCB SMA Connector}} where you could plus various kind of antenna.
 
* a {{pl|1419|PCB SMA Connector}} where you could plus various kind of antenna.
   −
A µFl connector (also named uFl) is locking to this:
+
<div style="margin: 15px 0; background: rgba(255,204,102,.3); display: block; padding: 15px 15px 15px 15px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; -moz-border-radius: 2px; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid #ff9900;" >The antenna design is a key feature to ensure a reliable communication over a long distance.</div>
 +
 
 +
A µFl connector (also named uFl) is looking to this:
    
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-TEST-uFL-connector.jpg|150px]]   
 
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-TEST-uFL-connector.jpg|150px]]   
   −
A PCB SMA Connector is locking to this:
+
A PCB SMA Connector is looking to this:
    
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-TEST-SMA-connector.jpg|150px]]
 
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-TEST-SMA-connector.jpg|150px]]
 +
 +
== Frequency, Encryption & Power ==
 +
To make the module communicating together:
 +
* The module must be identical. You cannot mix them.
 +
* The tuned frequency must be identical.
 +
* The encryption key must be identical.
 +
 +
=== Tuned frequency ===
 +
The tuned frequency is declared with a line like this:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">#define RF69_FREQ 433.0
 +
 +
...
 +
 +
if (!rf69.setFrequency(RF69_FREQ)) {
 +
    Serial.println("setFrequency failed");
 +
}</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
where the tuned frequency is declared with the constant '''RF69_FREQ'''.
 +
 +
{{ambox-stop|text=Use the frequency assigned to your team by the instructor.}}
 +
 +
In packet radio, several teams can share the same frequency if they use distinct encryption key.
 +
 +
Like TCP (from TCP/IP network), the packet radio is able to detect packet colission try to recover from it.
 +
 +
However, more teams share the same frequency, more collision we have.
 +
 +
=== Encyption Key ===
 +
The module encrypts the data with AES-128.
 +
 +
The encryption key is defined into the following lines.
 +
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">// The encryption key has to be the same as the one in the server
 +
uint8_t key[] = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08,
 +
                  0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08};
 +
rf69.setEncryptionKey(key);</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
{{ambox-stop|text=It is highly recommended for each team to define its own encryption key.}}
 +
 +
'''When all the teams do use the same frequency and the same key''' then they will all receives the messages from the other teams sending messages. Your messages will also been received by all the other teams.
 +
 +
=== Transmission Power ===
 +
The transmission power is set with the function call.
 +
 +
The range of power is 14 to 20 (in dBi). Lowest values requires less power. Means higher battery life but also smaller transmission distance.
 +
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">rf69.setTxPower(20, true);</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
Notice: the second parameter concerns the HCW radio modules and indicates that extra amplifier is present.
    
== The Emitter ==
 
== The Emitter ==
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=== Wiring ===
 
=== Wiring ===
   −
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-Wiring-Feather.jpg|640px]]
+
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-Wiring-Feather-v2.jpg|480px]]
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 +
|-
 +
| align="center" | '''Feather M0 Express'''
 +
| align="center" | '''RFM69'''
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 3V
 +
| align="left" | VIN
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | GND
 +
| align="left" | GND
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | MO
 +
| align="left" | MOSI
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | MI
 +
| align="left" | MISO
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | SCK
 +
| align="left" | SCK
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 6
 +
| align="left" | CS
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 9
 +
| align="left" | G0
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 10
 +
| align="left" | RST
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=== The code ===
 +
Now we will load the '''emitter''' example code from the RadioHead Library.
 +
 
 +
Load the sketch '''file -> Examples -> RadioHead (or RadioHead-master) -> feather -> RadioHead69_RawDemo_TX'''
 +
 
 +
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-TEST-22.png|640px]]
 +
 
 +
{{ambox-stop|text=We will have to modify the code before uploading it to the Feather M0 Express!}}
 +
 
 +
Indeed, the example code is provided for the '''Feather M0''' and not the '''Feather M0 Express''' so we will have to adapt the used pinout because pins 3,4 and 8 are not available on the Feather M0 Express.
 +
 
 +
{{underline|'''Update for Interface:'''}}
 +
 
 +
Locate the following lines in the code:
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">#if defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_FEATHER_M0) // Feather M0 w/Radio
 +
  #define RFM69_CS      8
 +
  #define RFM69_INT    3
 +
  #define RFM69_RST    4
 +
  #define LED          13
 +
#endif
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
and change it as follow ("Feather M0 Express" it is still the a "Feather M0" plateform):
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">#if defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_FEATHER_M0)
 +
  // UPDATE for Feather M0 EXPRESS with RFM69HCW radio module
 +
  // G0 is the Radio Module interrupt pin
 +
  #define RFM69_CS      6
 +
  #define RFM69_INT    9
 +
  #define RFM69_RST    10
 +
  #define LED          13
 +
#endif
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
{{underline|'''Update for frequency plan:'''}}
 +
 
 +
The RFM69HCW exists in 2 flavor:
 +
* 900 MHz for United State usage (with a green dot)
 +
* 433 Mhz for "Europe" license-free ISM usage (with a red dot ).
 +
 
 +
The code is the same for the both flavor, you must indicates the right frequency according to the module you have. Trying to generate 900Mhz signal on a 433Mhz would result in "nothing generated"!
 +
 
 +
The RFM69HCW 433Mhz can generate signal from 424 Mhz to 510 Mhz (see [https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/3076/sx1231.pdf datasheet]). You have to select the Frequency accordingly to the authorised Frequency Plan and Radio License. The 433 Mhz is free for use, please select your own frequency in that range.
 +
 
 +
Locate the following lignes:
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">// Change to 434.0 or other frequency, must match RX's freq!
 +
#define RF69_FREQ 915.0
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
And update it to:
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">// Change to 434.0 or other frequency, must match RX's freq!
 +
#define RF69_FREQ 433.0
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
{{underline|'''Activate the Serial Line:'''}}
 +
 
 +
The begin of the {{fname|setup()}} function does contains the following lines.
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">void setup()
 +
{
 +
  Serial.begin(115200);
 +
  //while (!Serial) { delay(1); } // wait until serial console is open, remove if not tethered to computer
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Update it and remove the comment mark in the front of the {{fname|while}} loop like showed here under.
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">void setup()
 +
{
 +
  Serial.begin(115200);
 +
  while (!Serial) { delay(1); } // wait until serial console is open, remove if not tethered to computer
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
This way, the Feather will wait for the "serial monitor" to be open before starting the sketch.
 +
 
 +
This {{fname|while}} loop is important otherwise, none of the serial.print() would be visible in the serial monitor.
 +
 
 +
Voilà, We are ready to compile and upload.
 +
 
 +
=== Compile and upload ===
 +
 
 +
Select the proper board in the menu '''Tools -> Type of board''' : Adafruit Feather M0 Express
 +
 
 +
Select the proper port in the menu '''Tools -> Port'''
 +
 
 +
Then press the "compile" button.
 +
 
 +
{{ambox|text=If you add trouble to flash the Feather, you can still activate manually the '''boot mode''' by double pressing the reset button before compiling the sketch.}}
 +
 
 +
=== Running the sketch ===
 +
Now open the Serial Monitor and set the baud rate to 115200 baud.
 +
 
 +
As there is no board listening and answering, you should see the following results on the screen.
 +
 
 +
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-TEST-25.png]]
 +
 
 +
Later, when the the receiver would be ready, the message will turn from "Is another RFM69 Listening?" to "Got  reply:"
 +
 
 +
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-TEST-26.png]]
 +
 
 +
== The Receiver ==
 +
Now we will prepare our receiver station.
 +
 
 +
The receiver stays on the ground and receive the messages sent by the Emitter and forward them to a computer.
 +
 
 +
This will involve:
 +
* The second RFM69HCW 433 Mhz module
 +
* An arduino compatible microcontroler (we selected an Arduino Uno)
 +
* A computer to read the messages
 +
* An wire antenna
 +
 
 +
=== Wiring ===
 +
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-Wiring-Arduino.jpg|480px]]
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 +
|-
 +
| align="center" | '''Feather M0 Express'''
 +
| align="center" | '''RFM69'''
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 5V
 +
| align="left" | VIN
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | GND
 +
| align="left" | GND
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 11
 +
| align="left" | MOSI
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 12
 +
| align="left" | MISO
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 13
 +
| align="left" | SCK
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 4
 +
| align="left" | CS
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 3
 +
| align="left" | G0
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | 2
 +
| align="left" | RST
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=== The code ===
 +
Now we will load the '''receiver''' example code from the RadioHead Library.
 +
 
 +
Load the sketch '''file -> Examples -> RadioHead (or RadioHead-master) -> feather -> RadioHead69_RawDemo_RX'''
 +
 
 +
{{ambox-stop|text=We will have to modify the code before uploading it to the Arduino Uno!}}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{{underline|'''Update for Interface:'''}}
 +
 
 +
No update are required for the interface as we  the following the wiring for ATmega328P:
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">#if defined (__AVR_ATmega328P__)  // Feather 328P w/wing
 +
  #define RFM69_INT    3  //
 +
  #define RFM69_CS      4  //
 +
  #define RFM69_RST    2  // "A"
 +
  #define LED          13
 +
#endif
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
{{underline|'''Update for frequency plan:'''}}
 +
 
 +
The frequency used by the receiver RFM69HCW must be exactly the same as th emitter! z is free for use, please select your own frequency in that range.
 +
 
 +
Locate the following lignes:
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">// Change to 434.0 or other frequency, must match RX's freq!
 +
#define RF69_FREQ 915.0
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
And update it to:
 +
 
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">// Change to 434.0 or other frequency, must match RX's freq!
 +
#define RF69_FREQ 433.0
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
{{underline|'''Activate the Serial Line:'''}}
 +
 
 +
No need to change here as we are using an Arduino UNO.
 +
 
 +
Voilà, We are ready to compile and upload.
 +
 
 +
=== Compile and upload ===
 +
 
 +
Select the proper board in the menu '''Tools -> Type of board''' : Arduino/Genuino UNO
 +
 
 +
Select the proper port in the menu '''Tools -> Port'''
 +
 
 +
Then press the "compile" button.
 +
 
 +
=== Running the sketch ===
 +
Now open the Serial Monitor and set the baud rate to 115200 baud.
 +
 
 +
As we did already started the "emitter" board, the receiver board will immediately display the received message and sends replies.
 +
 
 +
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-RFM69HCW-TEST-30.png]]
 +
 
 +
The Serial Console also displays the RSSI which indicates the quality of the radio signal (-15 is the best signal we could have, -60 as displayed on the screen is a really bad signal).
 +
 
 +
== More info ==
 +
=== Understanding sketch content ===
 +
Reading the sketch would help to understand how the code works.
 +
 
 +
Those Adafruit examples codes are also documented on the on [https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-rfm69hcw-and-rfm96-rfm95-rfm98-lora-packet-padio-breakouts/using-the-rfm69-radio#setup-9-36 this page of the ''Adafruit Learning System''].
 +
 
 +
=== Addressed & Reliable Communication ===
 +
More complex setup could used addressed communication and '''Reliable Datagram'''.
 +
 
 +
* '''Addressed communication''' allows you to associate a unique identifier (an integer value) to each RFM69 module. This allows detect the sender when receiving a message on the frequency and to act properly.
 +
* '''Reliable Datagram''' do a lot of management with connection to make sure that the packets were received. You do not have have to send the acknowledgement in your code, the Reliable Datagram take care of it for you.
 +
 
 +
The '''RadioHead''' library contains the examples {{fname|RadioHead69_AddrDemo_RX}} and {{fname|RadioHead69_AddrDemo_TX}} that demonstrate the adressed and reliable communication. See the [https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-rfm69hcw-and-rfm96-rfm95-rfm98-lora-packet-padio-breakouts/using-the-rfm69-radio#addressed-rx-and-tx-demo-9-50 Addressed RX and TX Demo]  on the Adafruit's learning system.
    
{{ENG-CANSAT-TRAILER}}
 
{{ENG-CANSAT-TRAILER}}
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