Before exchanging data, both device must be initialized with the same device configuration (communication speed in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baud bauds], number of bits, parity and number of stop bits).
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A common configuration is 9600 bauds, 8 bits Data, NO parity, 1 stop bit usually summarize as "9600 8N1". The next most common configuration is "115200 8N1".
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When a device sends data, the uart will decompose the data into a sequence of bits (sequence of 1 and 0) THEN emit the bits one by one over the serial line.
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As the both devices agreed on the communication parameter, the receiver can properly interpret the bits sequences TO recompose the original data.