Rasp-Retro-Games-Arcade-Control

Ajouter un controleur d'Arcade

At this point you should have one (or more) games playable from the keyboard. The next step is adding arcade-style controls…

Now things take a creative turn. There’s no One Right Way to arrange controls that can cover every game. Instead, pick a few favorites and devise a layout that handles the most frequently-used inputs well. For everything else, you can still use a keyboard.

You’ll also need to build your control panel using the materials and tools best suited to your own skills. I’m fortunate to have access to a laser cutter that can work with acrylic, but that’s a tall order for most. Scrap plywood or a metal project box are viable materials (a cigar box works great too), while a drill, hole saw, Dremel tool or wood rasp are all reasonable tools for making holes. Improvise! Maybe you have a supply of buttons on hand. If not, we have a nice assortment of genuine arcade controls in the shop:

Les éléments

Crédit pour les images ci-dessous à AdaFruit Industries - All images here under are credited to AdaFruit Industries

	Our Small Arcade Joystick is the gamer’s equivalent of the IBM Model M keyboard — clicky and built like a tank! This is an 8-way “digital” joystick. A majority of classic games are designed for this type of stick, and the Raspberry Pi can’t read proportional analog sticks directly.
	Our 30mm Arcade Button is available in six different colors and is similarly industrial-grade. But any momentary push-type button (“normally open” contacts) will work fine.
	The controls will be wired to the 26-pin GPIO (general-purpose input/output) header on the Raspberry Pi board.

A classic Atari or Commodore joystick can also be used. Most later gaming consoles used serial protocols for their controls…unfortunately, those won’t work here. USB game pads are another viable option.

Broches du GPIO

Each pin on this header has a unique “GPIO number” distinct from the order of the pins on the header. Buttons and a joystick (each of 4 directions) will connect between any available GPIO pin and a ground (GND) connection.

Most Raspberry Pi boards follow the newer “Revision 2” pin arrangement:

Crédit: AdaFruit Industries www.adafruit.com

If you’re using an early Model B board (easy to spot — there’s no mounting holes), a few of the GPIO pin numbers are different:

Crédit: AdaFruit Industries www.adafruit.com

Notice that GPIO pins 14 and 15 are marked off-limits. These are set up as a serial port by default. There’s a way to disable this, but it’s somewhat annoying and there are plenty of other pins to work with, much simpler.

Revision 2 boards have four extra GPIO pins (28–31) on an adjacent header, but this requires some soldering. If you desperately need the extra inputs, power users can find that information in the Embedded Linux Wiki.

There are only five ground pins available on the header, but some gamers will need more controls than that. One of our medium Perma-Proto boards can be used to provide a single large “ground rail” where one side of all the buttons can be connected. Alternately, if you have extra unused GPIO pins and just need a couple extra ground connections, we’ll show a software work-around for this.

The processor in the Raspberry Pi has the ability to turn on 'internal' pullups so you do not need external pull-up resistors for the buttons or arcade controller

Just as the layout and build technique of the control panel requires creative interpretation, so too will you need to decide on your own wiring methodology. We have some parts that can help. Aside from the aforementioned Perma-Proto board, there are quick-connect wires that work with the buttons and assortiment de fil de connexion multifonctionnel in various lengths that can be used with a joystick or plug directly into the GPIO pins (without a Perma-Proto board). Options abound! You’ll likely need some combination of these, and may need to solder some connections.

Raccordement

Le joystick

Crédit: AdaFruit Industries www.adafruit.com

Here’s a pinout diagram for our arcade stick. Only one wire needs to go to GND, then each of the other four goes to a different GPIO pin.

These directions apply when the stick is oriented with the header at the top. It’s fine to install the stick in a different orientation, you’ll just need to adapt the wiring connections to match.

Raccordement sur le GPIO

The plugs on the ends of the Quick Connect Wires tend to block adjacent pins on the GPIO header. You can trim these down a bit using an X-Acto knife or Dremel tool, or cut the plugs off and solder the wires to a Perma Proto board, or simply plan out your wiring to avoid nearby pins.

Here’s a no-soldering wiring setup we use with one joystick and two buttons, using 5 female-to-female jumpers for the joystick and two unmodified quick connects for the buttons. It’s a pretty basic layout, but sufficient to accommodate quite a few classic games. For the remaining seldom-used functions (coin insert, start game), a regular USB keyboard is kept nearby.

If you dont mind doing some soldering, you can connect to the other pins - just make sure one pin of each button connects to a GPIO and the other button pin connects to one of the ground pins. You may need to edit/recompile our 'helper'

Crédit: AdaFruit Industries www.adafruit.com

	This is an example of a case I made from acrylic, but any workable material will do. A cigar box makes a great fit! The case should be at least 50mm (2 in.) deep to accommodate the buttons and solderless connectors.
	The shelf at the top of the case holds a small USB keyboard. This is a catch-all for seldom-used functions (e.g. game start). Only the essential controls were assigned to arcade buttons. Add others if you like!
	Here’s the joystick and two buttons plugged directly into the Raspberry Pi GPIO header as previously described.

Un dernier élément

Our “retrogame” utility is the software glue that joins these keyboard-driven games to our GPIO-connected controls.

Download retrogame from GitHub. Select the “download ZIP” button and uncompress this file on your Raspberry Pi.

A pre-built version of retrogame is included in the ZIP file. If using the joystick and button layout described above, this program can be used as-is. Otherwise, the C source code needs some editing, and you’ll need to compile it (a Makefile is provided) after making changes. The GPIO pin to keyboard remapping is currently handled with a table in the source…this should be edited to match your unique wiring setup.

cd Adafruit-Retrogame
nano retrogame.c

(Of course you can substitute your editor of preference there — “nano” is easier for beginners.)

Starting around line 77 you’ll see a table resembling this:

struct {
        int pin;
        int key;
} io[] = {
//        Input    Output (from /usr/include/linux/input.h)
        { 25,      KEY_LEFT     },
        {  9,      KEY_RIGHT    },
        { 10,      KEY_UP       },
        { 17,      KEY_DOWN     },
        { 23,      KEY_LEFTCTRL },
        {  7,      KEY_LEFTALT  }
};

Each line in this table contains two elements. The first is a GPIO pin number (where a button or one direction from a joystick is attached), the second is the corresponding key code to be generated by this control. A list of valid key code names can be found in the file /usr/include/linux/input.h starting around line 178. Remember to enclose each pin/key pair in {curly braces} with a comma between them.

By default, the code is set up to match our example “no solder” controller wiring. This also works directly with the standard MAME controls. So you might not need to change anything; the pre-built version may have you covered.

If you need an extra ground pin (and have extra GPIO pins available that you’re not using for controls), set the key code to GND instead.

Write your changes to the file and exit the editor, then type:

make

This should build the executable retrogame utility. If you instead get an error message, there’s a problem in the edited table — most likely a missing curly brace, comma or semicolon.

But wait...we’re not ready to run yet! Retrogame requires the uinput kernel module. This is already present on the system but isn’t enabled by default. For testing, you can type:

sudo modprobe uinput

To make this persistent between reboots, append a line to /etc/modules:

sudo sh -c 'echo uinput >> /etc/modules'

Now we’re in good shape to test it!

Retrogame needs to be run as root, i.e.:

sudo ./retrogame

Give it a try. If it seems to be working, press control+C to stop the program and we’ll then set up the system to launch this automatically in the background at startup.

sudo nano /etc/rc.local

Before the final “exit 0” line, insert this line:

/home/pi/Adafruit-Retrogame/retrogame &

If you placed the software in a different location, this line should be changed accordingly. “sudo” isn’t necessary here because the rc.local script is already run as root.

Reboot the system to test the startup function:

sudo reboot

The software will now be patiently waiting in the background, ready for use with any emulators.

Each emulator will have its own method for configuring keyboard input. Set them up so the keys match your controller outputs. Up/down/left/right from the arrow keys is a pretty common default among these programs, but the rest will usually require some tweaking.

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Source: Adafruit Retro Gaming with Raspberry Pi
Créé par Phillip Burgess pour AdaFruit Industries.

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Traduit avec l'autorisation d'AdaFruit Industries - Translated with the permission from Adafruit Industries - www.adafruit.com