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(7 versions intermédiaires par le même utilisateur non affichées)
Ligne 137 : Ligne 137 :
 
== Radio Module ==
 
== Radio Module ==
 
The radio module is powered with 3V regulator of the CANSAT-BASE.
 
The radio module is powered with 3V regulator of the CANSAT-BASE.
 +
 +
[[Fichier:ENG-CANSAT-V2-RFM69.jpg|480px]]
  
 
The radio module is controled via a SPI bus and a dedicated Reset line.
 
The radio module is controled via a SPI bus and a dedicated Reset line.
Ligne 226 : Ligne 228 :
  
 
{{asm-end}}
 
{{asm-end}}
 +
=== Digital connectors ===
 +
The CANSAT-BASE is fitted with 2 Grove connector each exposing two digital line. Such line is either HIGH (3.3V) or LOW (0V).
 +
 +
Each line can be configured as:
 +
* '''Input''' where an external device set the PIN voltage to 3.3V or 0V allowing the '''microcontroler to read''' the state HIGH or LOW.
 +
* '''Output''' allowing the '''microcontroler to write (set)''' the state of the Pin to control an external device (like a LED or a Motor).
 +
 +
{{ambox | text = Each of the lines can also be driven with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation Pulse-Width Modulation].}}
 +
 +
{{asm-begin}}
 +
{{asm-row|img=ENG-CANSAT-V2-Digital1.jpg}}
 +
{{asm-text}} Two GPIOs are attached to the Digital 1 connector.
 +
 +
Note the 'gp18' on the silkscreen next to the connector. The next GPIO is set to the following number.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 +
|-
 +
| align="center" | '''GPIO'''
 +
| align="center" | '''Description'''
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | gp18
 +
| align="left" | Input/Output or PWM
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | gp19
 +
| align="left" | Input/Output or PWM
 +
|}
 +
 +
{{asm-row|img=ENG-CANSAT-V2-Digital2.jpg}}
 +
{{asm-text}} Two other GPIOs are attached to the '''Digital 2''' connector.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 +
|-
 +
| align="center" | '''GPIO'''
 +
| align="center" | '''Description'''
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | gp20
 +
| align="left" | Input/Output or PWM
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | gp21
 +
| align="left" | Input/Output or PWM
 +
|}
 +
 +
{{asm-end}}
 +
 +
 +
=== Analog connectors ===
 +
The CANSAT-BASE fits 1 Grove connector with two analog lines. Such line allows to read a analog voltage between 0 and 3.3V.
 +
 +
Under MicroPython, the analog value is converted by the microcontroler into an Unsigned 16 bits integer (aka U16) having a value between 0 and 65535.
 +
 +
A cross multiply can then be applied to calculate the original analog voltage.
 +
 +
Each line can be configured as:
 +
* '''Analog Input''' : reading an analog voltage between 0 and 3.3V
 +
* '''Input'''  : already described.
 +
* '''Output''' : already described.
 +
 +
{{asm-begin}}
 +
{{asm-row|img=ENG-CANSAT-V2-Analog1.jpg}}
 +
{{asm-text}} Two GPIOs are attached to the Analog connector.
 +
 +
Note the 'gp26' on the silkscreen next to the connector. The next GPIO is set to the next increasing number.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 +
|-
 +
| align="center" | '''GPIO'''
 +
| align="center" | '''Description'''
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | gp26
 +
| align="left" | Analog Input 0. Input/Output also supported.
 +
|- style="font-size: 90%"
 +
| align="left" | gp27
 +
| align="left" | Analog Input 1. Input/Output also supported.
 +
|}
 +
 +
{{asm-end}}
 +
 
=== UART connector ===
 
=== UART connector ===
 
The UART is often called serial line, it is a bidirectional communication bus used to communicate with an UART device. Most common device are GPS, Mobile Phone Chips, WiFi/Bluetooth chips.
 
The UART is often called serial line, it is a bidirectional communication bus used to communicate with an UART device. Most common device are GPS, Mobile Phone Chips, WiFi/Bluetooth chips.
Ligne 240 : Ligne 319 :
 
A common configuration is 9600 bauds, 8 bits Data, NO parity, 1 stop bit usually summarize as "9600 8N1". The next most common configuration is "115200 8N1".
 
A common configuration is 9600 bauds, 8 bits Data, NO parity, 1 stop bit usually summarize as "9600 8N1". The next most common configuration is "115200 8N1".
  
−
When a device sends data, the uart will decompose the data into a sequence of bits (sequence of 1 and 0) THEN emit the bits one by one over the serial line.
+
When a device sends data, the sender UART will decompose the data into a sequence of bits (sequence of 1 and 0) THEN emit the bits one by one over the serial line.
  
−
As the both devices agreed on the communication parameter, the receiver can properly interpret the bits sequences TO recompose the original data.
+
As the both devices agreed on the communication parameter, the receiver UART can properly interpret the bits sequences TO recompose the original data.
  
 
{{asm-begin}}
 
{{asm-begin}}
−
{{asm-row|img=ENG-CANSAT-V2-I2C.jpg}}
+
{{asm-row|img=ENG-CANSAT-V2-UART.jpg}}
 
{{asm-text}} Two GPIOs are attached to the board I2C module.
 
{{asm-text}} Two GPIOs are attached to the board I2C module.
  
−
The I2C is accessible via any (or all) of:
+
The UART(0) is accessible via any (or all) of:
 
* The breakout lines (labelled sda and scl).
 
* The breakout lines (labelled sda and scl).
 
* The '''Grove UART''' connector.
 
* The '''Grove UART''' connector.

Version actuelle datée du 31 juillet 2025 à 20:43

Power Distribution

This section describes the power circuitry used by Cansat V2 and the experiment.

The MCU Board (the Pico) is responsible from its own power regulation.

It can be powered from:

  • USB connector: so with 5V. That voltage will be made available on the USB pin.
  • VSYS pin : with a voltage from 3 to max 5.5V. A battery can feed that Pin

ENG-CANSAT-PICO-PINOUT.jpg

The MCU board (Pico) can be easily shutdown by placing its 3V3_EN pin to the ground.

Doing so, the Pico 3.3V DC/DC regulator will get deactivated, shutting down the MCU and spare the battery power.

The following diagram show the power distribution circuit with relation between the boards.

ENG-CANSAT-power-distribution.jpg

Important facts:

  1. The MCU board is responsible of its own voltage regulation.
  2. The MCU board regulated voltages are not shared with the Cansat Base board.
  3. The Cansat Base is responsible of its own voltage regulation.
  4. The Pwr Enable (on Cansat Base board) disable the voltage regulation on the Cansat Base and MCU board.


When USB plugged on MCU board :
The "MCU board" is powered and generates its 3.3V. VBus is also at 5V and feed the Lipo Charger that charges the Lipo. On the other hand the Lipo being connected, its current voltages (say 4.2V at full charge) feed the Lipo 3V3 Reg and the Vsys on the MCU board. As a result, the "Cansat Base" is also powered with 3.3V (including the radio module).

Remarks:

  1. The CHG charging LED lits while the Lipo is charging.
  2. The "MCU Board" will be feed either by USB, either by Vsys. The higher voltage path will be used.
  3. If your Cansat consume as much power as the USB provides to the Lipo then your Lipo will not really charge.
  4. Close the Pwr Enable pads will shut down the regulators. So all USB Power is used to charge the Lipo.


When USB unplugged :
the Lipo is not charging. The Lipo will discharge into the Lipo 3V3 Reg and MCU board Vsys. The MCU board and Cansat Base are powered.

Remarks:

  • Close the Pwr Enable pads will shut down the regulators. This will spare the Lipo Power.


When Lipo is unconnected :
no power can be charged into the Lipo and Lipo cannot get discharged into the voltage regulators. When plugged onto USB the power flow from Vbus to Lipo 3V3 Reg (bypassing the Lipo charger circuitry). So, the Cansat project can be powered from USB for testing purpose.

Remarks:

  • The CHG charging LED will continuously blink when Lipo battery is not connected.
  • Powering from USB is possible as long as the project is not too power demanding. USB power is limited to 500mA.


When another voltage required :
The Vbat pads are available for you to connect a step-up voltage regulator to produce higher voltage from the Lipo battery. Just keep in mind that General Lipo cannot be discharged over 1*C (meaning 1200mAh battery cannot discharge over 1*1200mA before getting the protection activated).

Remarks:

  • Cansat must have a minimum weight for the parachute to work efficiently. Having an additional battery may help you to achieve this while offering additional power source for hungry power device (like motor). Just have a common ground between the new battery and existing power circuitry.

Power

Battery

ENG-CANSAT-V2-PINOUT-batt.jpg The Lipo connector can be used to connect a single-cell 3.7 to 4.2 Lipo battery.
Never connect Lipo in parallel for more power, it does not work that way!


The Lipo Connector is also replicated into Vbat pads.

ENG-CANSAT-V2-PINOUT-led.jpg When connected to an USB source (via the MCU board), the LED lit while the battery is charging.

Note: the LED blink when no battery is connected!

ENG-CANSAT-V2-PINOUT-Charger-R1.jpg


ENG-CANSAT-V2-PINOUT-Charger-R2.jpg

Default Lipo charge rate is 250mA but can be tuned by replacing the R_PROG resistor.
Charging current should not exceed 0.5*C. So for a 1200mAh Lipo, charging current should stay below 0.5*1200mA = 600mA
  1. Cut the 5.1K Ohms trace on the other side of the board (under the R_PROG).
  2. Solder the replacement resistor in R_PROG
10K = 100mA
5.0K = 200mA
5.1K = 250mA
2.0K = 500mA
1.0K = 1000mA

Power Pins

Where to find power on the CANSAT BASE!

ENG-CANSAT-V2-PINOUT-3V3.jpg 3V pin is the 3.3V power generated by CANSAT-BASE regulator (nothing regarding with the MCU regulator).

The 3V3 regulator can provide a constant current of 600mA (peak to 1A).

Lot of ground GND is made available on the MCU breakout rails (see the Blue points)

Voltage is generated either from the Lipo battery or the USB 5V power (see "Power Distribution" here upper).


Even when not visible on the picture, most of the pads have label on the silkscreen.
ENG-CANSAT-V2-PINOUT-GROVE-POWER.jpg 3.3V power is also made available on the Grove connectors and Qwiic/StemmaQt.
ENG-CANSAT-V2-PINOUT-GROVE-Vbus.jpg VBus gets 5V (a bit lower) when the MCU board get external power from USB.
ENG-CANSAT-V2-PINOUT-Vsys.jpg VSys gets Lipo battery voltage (VBat) feeding the MCU board regulator.

Together with VBat pads, Vsys & VBat are the only pins always getting voltage even when the "Power En" shutdown the CANSAT.

Think twice before connecting any power consumer device to this pin because it will infinitely drain the power.

Power Control

ENG-CANSAT-V2-Power-Enable.jpg pwr enable signal is keeps high to VBat batch voltage. It keeps the voltage regulators actives of the CANSAT-BASE and the MCU-Board. Tie this signal to ground to disable the voltage regulators on both board.

The convenient place of the pwr enable pads allows you to control this feature with just a piece of wire to connect the both pads together.

It is also possible to mount a switch or a jumper on the pads.

ENG-CANSAT-V2-en signal.jpg en signal controls the voltage regulator of the MCU board. It is maintain high to VSYS on the MCU board. When set LOW, the MCU voltage regulator get disabled.
The en signal is controlled by the pwr enabled circuitry. That signal should not be manipulated directly.

Radio Module

The radio module is powered with 3V regulator of the CANSAT-BASE.

ENG-CANSAT-V2-RFM69.jpg

The radio module is controled via a SPI bus and a dedicated Reset line.

ENG-CANSAT-V2-SPI.jpg Some of the GPIOs are attached to radio module.

As a consequence they are not available for use on the GPIO breakout.

GPIO Radio Signal Description
gp3 rst active high
gp4 miso SPI(0)
gp5 nss active low
gp6 sck SPI(0) clock
gp7 mosi SPI(0)
ENG-CANSAT-V2-SPI-free0.jpg


ENG-CANSAT-V2-SPI-free1.jpg

It is possible to deactivate the radio module and release the attached GPIOs.

Cut the 5 jumper traces highlighted in the two following picture.

ENG-CANSAT-V2-antenna.jpg The uFl/IPX connector is used to connect the external antenna.

Connectors

The CANSAT-BASE features many GROVE connectors and a Qwiic/StemmaQt connector.

They can be used to make the connections easy.

I2C connectors

Among all the connections, the most important are the sda & scl signal attached to the I2C bus.

The SDA (Serial Data) and SCL (Serial Clock) are used to ship back and forward the data from one of the device connected on the I2C bus.

I2C devices/sensors can be daisy chained on the same bus since each device having an unique I2C address (7 bits address, value from 1 to 127).

Such way, the microcontroler can get in touch with a given sensor over the I2C bus to send configuration data and query measurement results.

ENG-CANSAT-V2-I2C.jpg Two GPIOs are attached to the board I2C module.

The I2C is accessible via any (or all) of:

  • The breakout lines (labelled sda and scl).
  • The Grove I2C connector.
  • The Qwiic/StemmaQt connector
GPIO I2C Signal Description
gp8 I2C(0).sda Data Line
gp9 I2C(0).scl Clock line

Digital connectors

The CANSAT-BASE is fitted with 2 Grove connector each exposing two digital line. Such line is either HIGH (3.3V) or LOW (0V).

Each line can be configured as:

  • Input where an external device set the PIN voltage to 3.3V or 0V allowing the microcontroler to read the state HIGH or LOW.
  • Output allowing the microcontroler to write (set) the state of the Pin to control an external device (like a LED or a Motor).
 Each of the lines can also be driven with Pulse-Width Modulation.
ENG-CANSAT-V2-Digital1.jpg Two GPIOs are attached to the Digital 1 connector.

Note the 'gp18' on the silkscreen next to the connector. The next GPIO is set to the following number.

GPIO Description
gp18 Input/Output or PWM
gp19 Input/Output or PWM
ENG-CANSAT-V2-Digital2.jpg Two other GPIOs are attached to the Digital 2 connector.
GPIO Description
gp20 Input/Output or PWM
gp21 Input/Output or PWM


Analog connectors

The CANSAT-BASE fits 1 Grove connector with two analog lines. Such line allows to read a analog voltage between 0 and 3.3V.

Under MicroPython, the analog value is converted by the microcontroler into an Unsigned 16 bits integer (aka U16) having a value between 0 and 65535.

A cross multiply can then be applied to calculate the original analog voltage.

Each line can be configured as:

  • Analog Input : reading an analog voltage between 0 and 3.3V
  • Input : already described.
  • Output : already described.
ENG-CANSAT-V2-Analog1.jpg Two GPIOs are attached to the Analog connector.

Note the 'gp26' on the silkscreen next to the connector. The next GPIO is set to the next increasing number.

GPIO Description
gp26 Analog Input 0. Input/Output also supported.
gp27 Analog Input 1. Input/Output also supported.

UART connector

The UART is often called serial line, it is a bidirectional communication bus used to communicate with an UART device. Most common device are GPS, Mobile Phone Chips, WiFi/Bluetooth chips.


The UART also use two signals:

  • The TX (transmission) line from the microcontroler is connected to the RX line on the GPS.
  • The RX (reception) line on the microcontroler is feed with the TX line of the GPS.

ENG-CANSAT-V2-PINOUT-UART-00.png

Before exchanging data, both device must be initialized with the same device configuration (communication speed in bauds, number of bits, parity and number of stop bits).

A common configuration is 9600 bauds, 8 bits Data, NO parity, 1 stop bit usually summarize as "9600 8N1". The next most common configuration is "115200 8N1".

When a device sends data, the sender UART will decompose the data into a sequence of bits (sequence of 1 and 0) THEN emit the bits one by one over the serial line.

As the both devices agreed on the communication parameter, the receiver UART can properly interpret the bits sequences TO recompose the original data.

ENG-CANSAT-V2-UART.jpg Two GPIOs are attached to the board I2C module.

The UART(0) is accessible via any (or all) of:

  • The breakout lines (labelled sda and scl).
  • The Grove UART connector.
GPIO UART Signal Description
gp0 UART(0).tx UART Emitter line
gp1 UART(0).rx UART Receiver line

PinOut summary

The "CANSAT-BASE Breakout" column refer to the CANSAT-BASE Breakout row (which is also the same identification on a Pico GPIO).

The "Reserved Usage" column is YES when the pin is dedicated to a specific usage (EG: Radio module, Voltage Reference).

The "Function" column is specified only when usage of the pin usage is restricted.

CANSAT-BASE
Breakout 		Reserved
Usage 		Function Description
gp0 no uart.tx UART(0) Grove connector
gp1 no UART.rx UART(0) Grove connector
gp2 no
gp3 YES IO Radio module reset line (can be released)
gp4 YES SPI.miso Radio module (can be released)
gp5 YES SPI.nss Radio module select line (can be released)
gp6 YES SPI.sck Radio module clock line (can be released)
gp7 YES SPI.mosi Radio module (can be released)
gp8 YES I2C.sda I2C(0) Grove connector, I2C(0) Qwiic/StemmaQt connector.
gp9 YES I2C.scl I2C(0) Grove connector, I2C(0) Qwiic/StemmaQt connector.
gp10 no
gp11 no
gp12 no
gp13 no
gp14 no
gp15 no
CANSAT-BASE
Breakout 		Reserved
Usage 		Function Description
gp16 no
gp17 no
gp18 no Digital Digital1 Grove connector
gp19 no Digital Digital1 Grove connector
gp20 no Digital Digital2 Grove connector
gp21 no Digital Digital2 Grove connector
gp22 no
run YES Reset Reset button. Set LOW to reset.
gp26 no Analog IN Analog Grove Connector
gp27 no Analog IN Analog Grove Connector
agnd YES Analog Ground
gp28 no
ref YES MCU VRef Voltage Reference of the MCU Board (usually unconnected).
3V3 YES Power-OUT CANSAT-BASE 3V3 Voltage Output. Unrelated to MCU board voltage regulator
en YES 3V3_en MCU Voltage Regulator enable.
Set to ground to disable MCU.
Controled by the CANSAT-BASE pwr_enabled.
sys YES MCU Power-IN MCU Vsys. MCU System Voltage used by the MCU to produces its internal voltages.
Vbus YES USB Power-OUT Voltage output when power is applied to the MCU's USB connector


Written by Meurisse D. for MCHobby


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